Investigation of ring-like runaway electron beams in the EAST tokamak

In the EAST tokamak, asymmetrical ring-like runaway electron beams with energy more than 30 MeV and pitch angle about 0.1 were investigated. Those runaway beams carried about 46% of the plasma current and located around the q = 2 rational surface when m/n = 1/1 and m/n = 2/1 MHD modes existed in the plasma. Those runaway beams changed from a hollow to a filled structure during the slow oscillations in the discharge about every 0.2 s, which correlated with a large step-like jump in electron cyclotron emission (ECE) signals, a big spike-like perturbation in Mirnov signals and a large decrease in runaway energy. Between those slow oscillations with large magnitude, fast oscillations with small magnitude also existed about every 0.02 s, which correlated with a small step-like jump in ECE signals, a small spike-like perturbation in Mirnov signals, but no clear decrease in runaway energy and changes in the runaway beam structure. Resonant interactions occurred between runaway electrons and magnetohydrodynamic instabilities, which gave rise to fast pitch angle scattering processes of those resonant runaway electrons, and hence increased the synchrotron radiation. Theoretical calculations of the resonant interaction were given based on a test particle description. Synchrotron radiation of those resonant runaway electrons was increased by about 60% until the end of the resonant interaction.