Statin-associated immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: a retrospective analysis of individual case safety reports from VigiBase

PurposeStatins represent an effective treatment for hyperlipidaemia. Immune-mediated necrotising myopathy (IMNM), a form of statin myopathy, has recently been described, and is characterized by elevated creatine kinase, presence of antibodies against HMG-CoA and no improvement after drug discontinuation, even with immunosuppressive treatment. Information on IMNM is mainly from case reports and small case series. Therefore, all reported cases of IMNM in VigiBase, the WHO global database of individual case safety reports (ICSRs) including the underlying reporting patterns, were analysed to characterize more detailed this adverse drug reaction.MethodsICSRs of IMNM up to October 1, 2016 were extracted from VigiBase. Corresponding case narratives were requested from responsible national authorities to maximize the available data. The reports were analysed in terms of reporting criteria, co-reported terms, patient demographics, clinical data, administered medication, latency time, seriousness of the reaction and outcome.ResultsOne hundred one deduplicated ICSRs of IMNM were reported from 17 countriesuntil October 2016. Approximately two thirds of the cases were from the year 2016. Slightly more males than females were affected (52 [57%] males vs 39 [42%] females). Median reported patient age was 68years (range 16-87years). Ninety-one cases (99%) were classified as serious. Median latency time was 26months (range 1-288months). Median creatine kinase value was 6860U/L (range 576-35,000U/L). In total, eight patients (9%) had recovered from IMNM. Atorvastatin was the most frequently reported statin in 80% of cases.ConclusionsThe number of IMNM reports has increased in recent years. IMNM associated with statin treatment seems to occur worldwide. Most IMNM cases were reported with atorvastatin. No dose dependency of statin-associated IMNM pathogenesis was identified.