Novel Hexagonal Ring Compact Patch UWB Antenna Design Based on Minkowski and Koch Fractal Combination Structure

A compact patch ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with a novel fractal structure is proposed in this paper. The patch shape of the antenna is based on a hexagonal ring. Minkowski fractals and Koch fractals are used for the outer and inner edges of the hexagonal ring, respectively. Thus, the size reduction and bandwidth increase of the patch antenna are achieved. The final antenna covers a wide frequency range of 2.7 GHz to 8.75 GHz at a size of 35.5 mm x 34 mm. By comparing the results of using Minkowski fractal and Koch fractal respectively, the advantages of the combined fractal structure proposed in this paper are further clarified. Optimize the effect of the UWB antenna by adjusting the shape of the ground plane. Through actual measurement, the compact UWB patch antenna with fractal structure has good performance, and the use of the FR4 dielectric substrate makes the antenna low-cost and easy to manufacture, which meets the actual needs.