Ethnicity, medical insurance, and living kidney donation

Background Relationships between race/ethnicity, recipient medical insurance, and living donor kidney transplantation (LKT) are incompletely described. Methods Associations between medical insurance and LKT were assessed in 447 recipients at a southeastern US transplant center. Primary and secondary payers were included in the analyses. Results A total of 387 deceased donor transplantations and 60 LKTs were performed in 246 (55%) European American (EA), 175 (39.2%) African American (AA), 15 (3.4%) Asian, and 11 (2.5%) Hispanic recipients. Among recipients, 182 (40.8%) were privately insured, 125 (28%) had Medicaid, and the remainder had Medicare, Medicare supplements, or Medicare replacement policies. A higher proportion of patients with private insurance, relative to those without private insurance, received LKT (22% vs. 7.6%, p<0.0001). Among ethnic groups, LKT with, vs. without, private insurance was 27.5% vs. 12.4% in EAs (p=0.0028) and 14.3% vs. 0.9% in AAs (p=0.0005). Medicaid recipients (n=125) were less likely to receive LKT than those without Medicaid (4.8% vs. 16.8%, p=0.0003). Among the 69 AA recipients with Medicaid, none received LKT (0 Medicaid vs. 9.5% without Medicaid, p=0.0065). Conclusions Recipient insurance status is associated with LKT, positively with private insurance and negatively with Medicaid. AAs were impacted to a greater extent, potentially contributing to lower rates of LKT.