Geothermal modeling for the base of gas hydrate stability zone and saturation of gas hydrate in the Krishna-Godavari basin, eastern Indian margin

The passive eastern Indian margin is rich in gas hydrates, as inferred from the wide-spread occurrences of bottom-simulating reflectors (BSRs) and recovery of gas hydrate samples from various sites in the Krishna Godavari (KG) and Mahanadi (MN) basins drilled by the Expedition 01 of the Indian National Gas Hydrate Program (NGHP). The BSRs are often interpreted to mark the thermally controlled base of gas hydrate stability zone (BGHSZ). Most of the BSRs exhibit moderate to typically higher amplitudes than those from other seismic reflectors. We estimate the average geothermal gradient of similar to 40A degrees C/km and heat flow varying from 23 to 62 mW/m(2) in the study area utilizing the BSR's observed on seismic sections. Further we provide the BGHSZ where the BSR is not continuous or disturbed by local tectonics or hidden by sedimentation patterns parallel to the seafloor with a view to understand the nature of BSR. Since, gas hydrate bearing sediment has higher electrical resistivities than that of the host sediment, we estimate two levels of gas hydrates saturations up to 25% in the depth interval between 70 to 82, and less than 20% in the depth interval between 90 to 104 meter below the seafloor using the resistivity log data at site 15 of NGHP-01.