Real-Time Simulation of Extended Vehicle Drivetrain Dynamics

For the virtual engine development, testing and calibration, it is advantageous to use the same physical model on different platforms. Due to the complexity of the model and its evaluation one has to coop with serve evaluation restrictions on the realtime platform. For coupled problems which includes an electrical system, the equilibrium conditions include an algebraic constraints. Hence it is not sufficient to use only an explicit time integration scheme. We extend an explicit scheme to a mixed scheme such that the overall performance per time step still is below the timing constraint of the realtime platform for reasonable complex model with electrical system.