To incinerate or not? - Effects of incineration on the concentrations of heavy metals and leaching efficiency of post-precipitated sewage sludge (RAVITA™)

The major element and heavy metal concentrations of post-precipitated sewage sludge (PPS) and its ash residue (PPA) were determined using microwave digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). To the best of our knowledge, this has not been previously done. In both PPS and PPA the heavy metal concentrations were clearly below the average concentrations than those encountered in sewage sludge in Europe. The leaching efficiency of the metal (Al/ Fe) used as a precipitation agent from post-precipitated sludge and its ash residue with phosphoric acid was also investigated with previously optimized leaching conditions. Tests resulted in leaching efficiencies for Al of 85 +/- 1% and 99.5 +/- 0.7% for PPS and PPA, respectively which were produced with aluminum as precipitation agent for phosphorus. Sludge, which was produced using iron as a precipitation agent, had a leaching efficiency of Fe 36.6 +/- 0.9% and 68.0 +/- 1.1%, for PPS and PPA, respectively. The leaching efficiency for P was 94 +/- 3% and 96 +/- 5% for Al-PPA and Fe-PPA, respectively. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.