The influence of regulatory frameworks on research and knowledge transfer outputs: An efficiency analysis of Spanish public universities

In 2007, Spain reformed its regulatory framework to give priority to research and knowledge transfer activities at universities. It is in this context that we examine the efficiency of Spanish public universities and their evolution during the period 2006-2010. Results report that on average, universities have improved their efficiency. Economies of scope and scale are also discussed, observing that large universities with a concentrated academic offering are more likely to display higher efficiency scores. Surprisingly, neither the existence of specific infrastructures aimed at boosting knowledge transfer outputs (i.e., business incubators) nor regional wealth seems to influence universities' efficiency.