Prevalence and Risk Factors of Stress Cardiomyopathy After Convulsive Status Epilepticus in ICU Patients

Objective: Although stress cardiomyopathy has been described in association with epilepsy, its frequency in patients with convulsive status epilepticus remains unknown. Accordingly, we sought to determine the prevalence and risk factors of stress cardiomyopathy in patients admitted to the ICU for convulsive status epilepticus. Design: Prospective, descriptive, single-center study. Setting: Medical-surgical ICU of a teaching hospital. Patients: Thirty-two consecutive ventilated patients (21 men; age, 50 18 yr; Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, 53 15; Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, 6 2) hospitalized in the ICU for convulsive status epilepticus. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Hemodynamic parameters, transthoracic echocardiography, biological data, and electrocardiogram were obtained serially on ICU admission (H-0), and after 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours of hospitalization (H-6, H-12, H-24, and H-48). Stress cardiomyopathy was defined as a 20% decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction between H-0 or H-6 and H-48. Stress cardiomyopathy was diagnosed in 18 patients (56%; 95% CI, 38-74%). Mean left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular stroke index and cardiac index were initially (at H-0 or H-6 according to lowest individual values) significantly reduced in stress cardiomyopathy patients (45 +/- 14% vs 61 +/- 6%, p < 0.001; 24 +/- 8 vs 28 +/- 8 mL/m(2), p < 0.05; 2.3 +/- 0.7 vs 3.0 +/- 0.8 L/min/m(2), p < 0.05, respectively) and increased secondarily to reach similar mean values than those observed in patients without transient left ventricular dysfunction at H-24. Dobutamine was more frequently used in patients with stress cardiomyopathy. Mean lactate level was increased and significantly higher in stress cardiomyopathy patients at H-0 and H-6, whereas mean central venous oxygen saturation was preserved but significantly lower in this group. Only three patients with stress cardiomyopathy had left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities but normal coronary angiography. Risk factors of stress cardiomyopathy were age and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II. Conclusions: These results suggest that stress cardiomyopathy is common in patients admitted to the ICU for convulsive status epilepticus. Accordingly, these patients should be screened for stress cardiomyopathy and monitored if they present with hemodynamic compromise.