Energy Efficient Balanced Tree-Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network (EEBTR)

Standard Tree Routing or General Tree Routing (GTR) is an energy saver protocol designed for low-cost and low-power WSNs to minimize the total energy consumption, its forwarding data process is only via links (Parent-Child). GTR came with improvements such as avoiding flooding in network and providing more energy efficiency, but it does not consider the energy balancing in the network which may lead to network partitioning. The final objective should aim to let all sensors in the same level of tree consume a similar energy in order to maximize the lifetime. However, practically this could be difficult due to the fact that the nodes are located in different communication ranges and only close nodes to BS are eligible to communicate directly with it, and the fact that each sensor consumes different energy rate according to the sensed event frequency and data transmission that lead some sensors die before others. This paper presents an Energy Efficient Balanced Tree-based Routing Protocol (EEBTR) that is designed to achieve a potential balancing of energy usage in each level of the tree such that nodes in the same level have approximately the same number of children. Simulation results show that EEBTR improves GTR performance in terms of both network lifetime and energy-efficiency.