Application of hybrid model in eco-hydraulic research

Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in marine or salty waters can cause massive fish kills, contaminate seafood with toxins, and alter ecosystems in ways that humans perceive as harmful. Thus, HAB events can cause adverse effects on viability, growth, fecundity, and recruitment on different trophic levels within the marine food web. Since aquatic ecosystem is a complex and multidisciplinary system, which involves hydrodynamic, chemical and biological interactions, detail understanding of all the processes is nearly impossible. On the other hand, non-systematic knowledge about certain species in water systems is available from different sources. It is worthwhile to systematically explore the empirical knowledge from different sources and develop a hybrid modelling system. The well constructed physically based models combined with data-driven models, which has the ability to deal with situations when only partial knowledge and limited measured data are available, provides a promising future in eco-hydraulic research.