Design and COMSOL Simulation of Koch Snowflake Dipole Fractal Antennas

This paper highlights the design and simulation of Koch snowflake half-wave dipole antennas for RFID (radio frequency identification) use. The fractal antennas are designed to be compact as well as multi-band use at UHF (ultra high frequency) and microwave frequencies. The first three iterations of the Koch snowflake were designed and simulated through COMSOL. Each antenna was designed for the UHF band and an analysis of the second band is given in the paper. Each antenna was simulated as a copper wires with varying, decreasing widths and 1 mm thickness. The reduction of the physical length and the multi-band capabilities of the fractal antennas are presented. The antenna's physical length decreases while the height increases after every iteration and has a return loss of at least 10 dB. Every antenna will be more compact by using less physical length than its previous iteration. Also, in order to model an antenna that has resonance at 860-960 MHz and 2.4-2.48 GHz, common RFID ranges, the inclusion of a substrate with the fractal antennas are presented in this paper.