Quality of Life of Edentulous Patients with Single Mandibular Implants and Mandibular Overdentures Using Two Different Attachments: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Purpose: To compare the changes in quality of life in edentulous patients with single implants supporting mandibular overdentures with two different attachment types before implant placement and after 6 and 24 months. Materials and Methods: Eighty edentulous patients were recruited, and all patients completed the validated Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-EDENT-19 questionnaire before implant surgery. A single implant was placed in the midline of the edentulous mandibles. All implants were allowed to heal for 3 months. After the healing period, randomization into one of two groups was accomplished using sealed envelopes: group A (ball attachment) and group B (locator attachment). The same questionnaire was completed 6 and 24 months postplacement. Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples was used to compare the two groups, while Freidman test was used for comparison within each group. Two-sided P values less than .05 were considered statistically significant. Results: There was an improvement in all domains of the OHIP-EDENT-19 scores at the 6-and 24-month follow-ups for both groups. The social disability domain showed a statistically significant improvement for group A at 6 and 24 months postplacement (P = .004, .005). Within group A, there was a statistically significant improvement within all seven domains (P = .001); while in group B, four domains (functional limitation, physical pain, psychosocial discomfort, and physical disability) and the total score (P = .001) showed a statistically significant improvement. Conclusion: Both attachments improved the patients' quality of life at 24 months postplacement. The ball attachment demonstrated a significant improvement regarding the social effects of the prostheses.