Leadership, Cohesion and Satisfaction in Sporting Teams: A Study with Portuguese Football and Futsal Athletes

This work was done with 200 athletes from 2 types of sports (soccer and futsal) in several competitive levels and it analyzed coaches' leadership styles and athletes' cohesion and satisfaction levels. Evaluation instruments on leadership (Multidimensional Leadership Scale in Sports which assesses six different dimensions), cohesion (Group Environment Questionnaire which assesses four different dimensions) and satisfaction (Satisfaction Scale which assesses three different dimensions) were applied and received good validity and reliability levels. The results showed that men and women evaluated and preferred different coaches' behaviors, and female athletes assumed higher levels of social cohesion. Likewise, variations were found concerning athletes' age on the perceptions of coach leadership; the youngest group presented lower cohesion levels. Two main conclusions must be stated. On one hand, the significant impact of coaches' behaviors in athletes' sport experience and, on the other hand, the need of coaches' leadership adaptation concerning athletes' gender and age in order to enhance their efficacy while working with the teams.