Venous occlusive disease in children

Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is a clinical and pathological entity seen predominantly-but not exclusively-in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), where it represents an important cause of morbidity and mortality. This review will highlight recent advances in our understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of VOD. In addition, risk factors, clinical features and various prophylactic and therapeutic options will be discussed. We specifically address how recent understanding of the alterations in local haemostasis and fibrinolysis gave clearer model of the pathogenesis, and hence contributed to early diagnosis and intervention both to prevent its occurrence and to treat established conditions. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.