WANDS: Wide-area network delay simulator

Designing documents that will be viewed from remote locations via a network requires an understanding of traditional document and interaction design issues, plus an understanding of how network delays will impact document delivery. This paper describes a set of tools that allow designers to view documents stored locally while experiencing response time delays as if the documents were delivered from a different location on a network. By using measured network latencies to drive an instrumented World-Wide Web server, designers can view the documents they create from the perspective of someone sitting down the hall, across the country, or across an ocean.