Lipoxin A4 inhibits proliferation of human lung fibroblasts induced by connective tissue growth factor

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays an important role in pathways leading to lung fibrosis via the mitogenic action of CTGF on fibroblasts. Studies have shown that lipoxin A(4) (LXA(4)) inhibits proliferation of renal mesangial cells induced by leukotriene D-4 or platelet-derived growth factor. This study investigates the regulatory role of LXA(4) on proliferation of human lung fibroblasts (HLF) induced by CTGF and mechanisms of LXA(4) action. CTGF induced HLF proliferation; enhanced the expression of cyclin D-1; phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (P13-K), protein kinase B (PKB), and DNA-binding activity of signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (STAT(3)); and inhibited expression of p27(kip1). LXA(4) downregulated the CTGF-stimulated HLF proliferation and expression of cyclin D-1; and phosphorylated ERK1/2, P13-K, PKB, and DNA-binding activity of STAT(3). CTGF-induced decrement in expression of p27(kip1) was ameliorated by LXA(4). P13-K or STAT blockade but not ERK1/2 blockade partially inhibited the CTGF-activated proliferation of HLF. Transfection of the human LXA(4) receptor gene into HLF intensified the inhibition of LXA(4) on CTGF-induced cell proliferation. These results demonstrate that CTGF induces proliferation of HLF via upregulation of P13-K/PKB, STAT(3), and cyclin D-1, and downregulation of p27(kip1). LXA(4) inhibits these effects of CTGF on HLF.