Rwanda's innovation challenges and policies - lessons for Africa

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to outline the S&T and innovation policy challenges that Rwanda is experiencing in building a knowledge-based economy and draw some more general lessons for African countries. Design/methodology/approach - The approach is based on methodological framework of country reviews used by international organizations in the field of science, technology and innovation policies. Findings - The paper presents government policies that have been decisive for the good performance of the country in rebuilding its economy and society since the genocide ( 1994). It highlights the policy measures that have been taken in the fields of education, information and communication technologies, industry, science and so on with a view to put the country on a knowledge-driven development process. It pinpoints the need for more proactive policies to stimulate the diffusion of new technologies and innovation throughout the economy and the different sectors, including agriculture which employs still 80 percent of the population. Research limitations/implications - The paper is based on a short field mission ( conducted for an international organization) and the collection of published data, in focusing on important messages that should be given to the government, without an in-depth empirical and detailed research. Practical implications - The paper is a kind of summary of a 80-page report to be published in the course of 2017. It is expected that the analysis will be clear enough to stimulate appropriate action by the Government of Rwanda. Social implications - There is no direct social implications, but one may expect that the ideas if adopted by the government will help improving the living conditions in the country. Originality/value - Such country reviews performed by international organizations are unique. They provide key insights on the innovation climate and policy of the nation that is studied, while they offer useful perspectives for countries at similar level of development.