The aim of this article is to identify the main determinants of the decision to emigrate among Romanian medical doctors. We found that the decision to emigrate is determined by the gap between Romania and the main destination countries in terms of health systems. The choice of the destination country is influenced by other factors such as the local language skills, the personal ties, the previous experience and the bilateral agreements between universities. The decision to emigrate is influenced by a set of factors among which the financial factors have a stronger influence than the professional ones.