THE OPTICALLY UNBIASED GRB HOST (TOUGH) SURVEY. III. REDSHIFT DISTRIBUTION

被引:93
|
作者
Jakobsson, P. [1 ]
Hjorth, J. [2 ]
Malesani, D. [2 ]
Chapman, R. [1 ,3 ]
Fynbo, J. P. U. [2 ]
Tanvir, N. R. [4 ]
Milvang-Jensen, B. [2 ]
Vreeswijk, P. M. [1 ]
Letawe, G. [5 ]
Starling, R. L. C. [4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, Ctr Astrophys & Cosmol, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
[2] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
[3] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England
[4] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England
[5] ULg, Dept Astrophys Geophys & Oceanog, B-4000 Sart Tilman Par Liege, Belgium
来源
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2012年 / 752卷 / 01期
基金
新加坡国家研究基金会;
关键词
dust; extinction; galaxies: distances and redshifts; gamma-ray burst: general; GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; DAMPED LY-ALPHA; COSMIC METALLICITY EVOLUTION; LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; STELLAR MASS DENSITY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SWIFT ERA; FAINT-END; POPULATION;
D O I
10.1088/0004-637X/752/1/62
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
We present 10 new gamma-ray burst (GRB) redshifts and another five redshift limits based on host galaxy spectroscopy obtained as part of a large program conducted at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). The redshifts span the range 0.345 <= z less than or similar to 2.54. Three of our measurements revise incorrect values from the literature. The homogeneous host sample researched here consists of 69 hosts that originally had a redshift completeness of 55% (with 38 out of 69 hosts having redshifts considered secure). Our project, including VLT/X-shooter observations reported elsewhere, increases this fraction to 77% (53/69), making the survey the most comprehensive in terms of redshift completeness of any sample to the full Swift depth, analyzed to date. We present the cumulative redshift distribution and derive a conservative, yet small, associated uncertainty. We constrain the fraction of Swift GRBs at high redshift to a maximum of 14% (5%) for z > 6 (z > 7). The mean redshift of the host sample is assessed to be < z > greater than or similar to 2.2, with the 10 new redshifts reducing it significantly. Using this more complete sample, we confirm previous findings that the GRB rate at high redshift (z greater than or similar to 3) appears to be in excess of predictions based on assumptions that it should follow conventional determinations of the star formation history of the universe, combined with an estimate of its likely metallicity dependence. This suggests that either star formation at high redshifts has been significantly underestimated, for example, due to a dominant contribution from faint, undetected galaxies, or that GRB production is enhanced in the conditions of early star formation, beyond that usually ascribed to lower metallicity.
引用
收藏
页数:14
相关论文
共 50 条
  • [1] The Optically Unbiased GRB Host (TOUGH) Survey
    Jakobsson, Pall
    Hjorth, Jens
    Malesani, Daniele
    Fynbo, Johan P. U.
    Kruhler, Thomas
    Milvang-Jensen, Bo
    Tanvir, Nial R.
    DEATH OF MASSIVE STARS: SUPERNOVAE AND GAMMA-RAY BURSTS, 2012, (279): : 187 - 190
  • [2] THE OPTICALLY UNBIASED GRB HOST (TOUGH) SURVEY. IV. Lyα EMITTERS
    Milvang-Jensen, Bo
    Fynbo, Johan P. U.
    Malesani, Daniele
    Hjorth, Jens
    Jakobsson, Pall
    Moller, Palle
    ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2012, 756 (01):
  • [3] THE OPTICALLY UNBIASED GRB HOST (TOUGH) SURVEY. VII. THE HOST GALAXY LUMINOSITY FUNCTION: PROBING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GRBs AND STAR FORMATION TO REDSHIFT ∼6
    Schulze, S.
    Chapman, R.
    Hjorth, J.
    Levan, A. J.
    Jakobsson, P.
    Bjoernsson, G.
    Perley, D. A.
    Kruehler, T.
    Gorosabel, J.
    Tanvir, N. R.
    Postigo, A. De Ugarte
    Fynbo, J. P. U.
    Milvang-Jensen, B.
    Moller, P.
    Watson, D. J.
    ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2015, 808 (01):
  • [4] THE OPTICALLY UNBIASED GRB HOST (TOUGH) SURVEY. VI. RADIO OBSERVATIONS AT z ≲ 1 AND CONSISTENCY WITH TYPICAL STAR-FORMING GALAXIES
    Michalowski, M. J.
    Kamble, A.
    Hjorth, J.
    Malesani, D.
    Reinfrank, R. F.
    Bonavera, L.
    Ceron, J. M. Castro
    Ibar, E.
    Dunlop, J. S.
    Fynbo, J. P. U.
    Garrett, M. A.
    Jakobsson, P.
    Kaplan, D. L.
    Kruhler, T.
    Levan, A. J.
    Massardi, M.
    Pal, S.
    Sollerman, J.
    Tanvir, N. R.
    van der Horst, A. J.
    Watson, D.
    Wiersema, K.
    ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2012, 755 (02):
  • [5] THE OPTICALLY UNBIASED GAMMA-RAY BURST HOST (TOUGH) SURVEY. I. SURVEY DESIGN AND CATALOGS
    Hjorth, Jens
    Malesani, Daniele
    Jakobsson, Pall
    Jaunsen, Andreas O.
    Fynbo, Johan P. U.
    Gorosabel, Javier
    Kruhler, Thomas
    Levan, Andrew J.
    Michallowski, Michal J.
    Milvang-Jensen, Bo
    Moller, Palle
    Schulze, Steve
    Tanvir, Nial R.
    Watson, Darach
    ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2012, 756 (02):
  • [6] THE OPTICALLY UNBIASED GRB HOST (TOUGH) SURVEY. V. VLT/X-SHOOTER EMISSION-LINE REDSHIFTS FOR SWIFT GRBs AT z ∼ 2
    Kruhler, Thomas
    Malesani, Daniele
    Milvang-Jensen, Bo
    Fynbo, Johan P. U.
    Hjorth, Jens
    Jakobsson, Pall
    Levan, Andrew J.
    Sparre, Martin
    Tanvir, Nial R.
    Watson, Darach J.
    ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2012, 758 (01):
  • [7] The DEEP Groth Strip Galaxy Redshift Survey. III. Redshift catalog and properties of galaxies
    Weiner, BJ
    Phillips, AC
    Faber, SM
    Willmer, CNA
    Vogt, NP
    Simard, L
    Gebhardt, K
    Im, MS
    Koo, DC
    Sarajedini, VL
    Wu, KL
    Forbes, DA
    Gronwall, C
    Groth, EJ
    Illingworth, GD
    Kron, RG
    Rhodes, J
    Szalay, AS
    Takamiya, M
    ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2005, 620 (02): : 595 - 617
  • [8] The Canada-France Deep Fields Survey.: III.: Photometric redshift distribution to IAB=24
    Brodwin, M
    Lilly, SJ
    Porciani, C
    McCracken, HJ
    Le Fèvre, O
    Foucaud, S
    Crampton, D
    Mellier, Y
    ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, 2006, 162 (01): : 20 - 37
  • [9] THE REDSHIFT DISTRIBUTION OF THE TOUGH SURVEY
    Jakobsson, P.
    Hjorth, J.
    Malesani, D.
    Fynbo, J. P. U.
    Tanvir, N. R.
    Milvang-Jensen, B.
    Kruhler, T.
    GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 15 YEARS OF GRB AFTERGLOWS - PROGENITORS, ENVIRONMENTS AND HOST GALAXIES FROM THE NEARBY TO THE EARLY UNIVERSE, 2013, 61 : 397 - 401
  • [10] THE HETDEX PILOT SURVEY. III. THE LOW METALLICITIES OF HIGH-REDSHIFT Lyα GALAXIES
    Finkelstein, Steven L.
    Hill, Gary J.
    Gebhardt, Karl
    Adams, Joshua
    Blanc, Guillermo A.
    Papovich, Casey
    Ciardullo, Robin
    Drory, Niv
    Gawiser, Eric
    Gronwall, Caryl
    Schneider, Donald P.
    Tran, Kim-Vy
    ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2011, 729 (02):