Discharge Use of Carvedilol Is Associated With Higher Survival in Japanese Elderly Patients With Heart Failure Regardless of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

Previous clinical trials have proven beneficial effects of beta-blockers in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (EF). However, those studies excluded elderly patients from the subjects or included only a small number of them. We assessed whether beta-blocker treatment with carvedilol improves survival in elderly patients with HF regardless of left ventricular EF (LVEF). We retrospectively analyzed a total of 189 patients older than 75 years who were hospitalized with HF from January 2004 to December 2010. Of these, 84 patients (44%) had been treated with carvedilol at discharge. Patients treated with carvedilol were younger, were less likely to have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and had lower LVEF compared with those without carvedilol (all P < 0.05). During the median follow-up of 2.5 years after discharge, 92 patients died. Cox hazard analysis showed that, even after adjustment for covariates, carvedilol significantly decreased all-cause mortality in this cohort (P < 0.01). Furthermore, a beneficial effect on outcome was found in patients with reduced (LVEF 40%) and preserved (LVEF > 40%) EF (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, Beta-blockers may provide beneficial effects on Japanese elderly patients with HF regardless of LVEF.