Energy-Efficient Downlink Transmission in Multi-Cell Coordinated Beamforming Systems

Coordinated multipoint has been widely introduced to enhance the capacity, especially that of users at cell edge. Recently energy efficient transmission techniques are increasingly important due to the increase of energy consumption in wireless communication systems. In this paper, an energy efficient cooperative transmission algorithm using coordinated beamforming is proposed for multi-cell MIMO networks. We formulate the problem as a non-convex optimization problem in a fractional form. Then we transform the problem into an equivalent form and propose an iterative algorithm to solve it. In each iteration, a simplified zero-forcing coordinated beamforming using beam tracing and an optimal power allocation algorithm for maximizing energy efficiency are derived. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has a better energy efficiency performance than the traditional capacity maximizing method. With the lower complexity, the proposed method using beam tracing approaches the energy efficiency performance of the subspace decomposition method in slowly varying channels.