Broaden your views: Implicatures of domain widening and the "Logicality" of language

被引:266
|
作者
Chierchia, Gennaro
机构
[1] Harvard Univ, Dept Linguist, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
[2] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Psicol, I-201160 Milan, Italy
关键词
scalar implicatures; negative polarity; free choice; alternative; semantics;
D O I
10.1162/ling.2006.37.4.535
中图分类号
H0 [语言学];
学科分类号
030303 ; 0501 ; 050102 ;
摘要
This article presents a unified theory of polarity-sensitive items (PSIs) based on the notion of domain widening. PSIs include negative polarity items (like Italian mai 'ever'), universal free choice items (like Italian qualunque 'any/whatever'), and existential free choice items (like Italian uno qualunque 'a whatever'). The proposal is based on a "recursive," grammatically driven approach to scalar implicatures that breaks with the traditional view that scalar implicatures arise via post-grammatical pragmatic processes. The main claim is that scalar items optionally activate scalar alternatives that, when activated, are then recursively factored into meaning via an alternative sensitive operator similar to only. PSIs obligatorily activate domain alternatives that are factored into meaning in much the same way.
引用
收藏
页码:535 / 590
页数:56
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