As an economic discipline, National Economics has distinct Chinese features. In this paper, the history and development of the National Economics as discipline are reviewed. From the historical perspective, the birth of this discipline was closely related to the traditional economic system of China and it has been under perfection with the progress of China's economic reform. In current China, the progressive economic reform led by the government with the establishment of a market economic system as the goal is the main reason for the existence and development of National Economics as a discipline, The potential areas for national economic studies are also put forward for discussion.