Distribution of methane in the tropical upper troposphere measured by CARIBIC and CONTRAIL aircraft

被引:38
|
作者
Schuck, T. J. [1 ]
Ishijima, K. [2 ]
Patra, P. K. [2 ]
Baker, A. K. [1 ]
Machida, T. [3 ]
Matsueda, H. [4 ]
Sawa, Y. [4 ]
Umezawa, T. [1 ]
Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M. [1 ]
Lelieveld, J. [1 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany
[2] JAMSTEC, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
[3] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
[4] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
[5] Cyprus Inst, Energy Environm & Water Res Ctr, Nicosia, Cyprus
关键词
ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; MOLE FRACTIONS; AIR-POLLUTION; TRACE GASES; SOUTH-ASIA; MONSOON; SCALE; CO2; VARIABILITY;
D O I
10.1029/2012JD018199
中图分类号
P4 [大气科学(气象学)];
学科分类号
0706 ; 070601 ;
摘要
We investigate the upper tropospheric distribution of methane (CH4) at low latitudes based on the analysis of air samples collected from aboard passenger aircraft. The distribution of CH4 exhibits spatial and seasonal differences, such as the pronounced seasonal cycles over tropical Asia and elevated mixing ratios over central Africa. Over Africa, the correlations of methane, ethane, and acetylene with carbon monoxide indicate that these high mixing ratios originate from biomass burning as well as from biogenic sources. Upper tropospheric mixing ratios of CH4 were modeled using a chemistry transport model. The simulation captures the large-scale features of the distributions along different flight routes, but discrepancies occur in some regions. Over Africa, where emissions are not well constrained, the model predicts a too steep interhemispheric gradient. During summer, efficient convective vertical transport and enhanced emissions give rise to a large-scale CH4 maximum in the upper troposphere over subtropical Asia. This seasonal (monsoonal) cycle is analyzed with a tagged tracer simulation. The model confirms that in this region convection links upper tropospheric mixing ratios to regional sources on the Indian subcontinent, subtropical East Asia, and Southeast Asia. This type of aircraft data can therefore provide information about surface fluxes.
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页数:14
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