Modelling Methods for Planning and Operation of Bike-Sharing Systems

Bike-sharing systems (BSSs) are emerging as a popular type of shared vehicle platform where users can rent bicycles without having to own and maintain them. BSSs are ideal for short trips and for connecting to public transit systems. Bicycle usage is associated with several unique characteristics which make planning and operation of BSSs very different from car sharing problems and other traditional transportation modelling approaches. In this paper, we summarize existing literature on strategic planning which involves selecting stations, designing bike paths, and figuring out station capacity. Research on operational measures which include day-to-day and within-day repositioning activities are also collated. Additionally, models for understanding demand, pricing and incentives, maintenance, and other technological aspects are reviewed.