Loneliness and the exchange of social support among older adults in Spain and the Netherlands

被引:35
|
作者
Sanchez Rodriguez, Marta M. [1 ]
Gierveld, Jenny De Jong [2 ,3 ]
Buz, Jose [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Salamanca, Dept Dev & Educ Psychol, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain
[2] Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demog Inst, The Hague, Netherlands
[3] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Social Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands
关键词
Spain; older adults; The Netherlands; social network; instrumental support; emotional support; loneliness; PEOPLE; NETWORKS; LIFE; COMPANIONSHIP; PARTNERS; CONTACTS; QUALITY; STRESS; HEALTH; FAMILY;
D O I
10.1017/S0144686X12000839
中图分类号
R4 [临床医学]; R592 [老年病学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100203 ; 100602 ;
摘要
Previous research has shown that exchanges of support within social networks reduce the loneliness of older adults. However, there is no consistent evidence on how types of support (instrumental and emotional) and the direction of that support (giving and receiving) are related to loneliness, and whether the effects are culture-specific. The aim of this study was to investigate support exchanges and their effects on loneliness in Spain and the Netherlands. We suggest that cultural differences, such as more interdependent cultural values in Southern Europe and more independence-related values in Northern Europe, influence social realities such as the social support exchanged. In Spain relationships with family members are determined by mutual obligations; older people expect to receive instrumental support from them. However, in Northern Europe independence is highly valued and intimacy and closeness are shown primarily by confiding about personal matters. This paper examined data from two comparable surveys, one in Spain (N=646) and one in the Netherlands (N=656). Older adults in Spain provide for, and receive, high amounts of instrumental support and this proved to be a protective factor against loneliness. An alternative pattern was found in the Netherlands where respondents provided more and received more emotional support than Spanish older adults; emotional support is a protective factor in the Netherlands (but only for support received).
引用
收藏
页码:330 / 354
页数:25
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