Three-dimensional interconnected porous carbon nanoflakes with improved electron transfer and ion storage for lithium-ion batteries

Graphite anode has been commercially applied to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs); however, its low theoretical specific capacity (372 mAh g(-1)) cannot meet the ever-increasing energy storage requirements with high energy/power densities. Therefore, exploring novel carbon anode with high capacity, high-rate properties, easy accessibility, and environmental benignity is urgent and indispensable. Herein, three-dimensional interconnected porous carbon nanoflakes (3DPCNs) are successfully constructed by a chemical blowing strategy followed by a washing process. The resulting 3DPCN has numerous ions/electrons fast transfer pathways, expanded interlayer spacing, high specific surface area (189.5 m2 g(-1)). All of which are more favorable for improving reaction kinetics and maintaining structural integrity. Based on this, the optimized 3DPCN electrode delivers an excellent electrochemical performance, including high capacity (802.6 mAh g(-1) at 500 mA g(-1)), rate capability (581 mAh g(-1) at a high current density of 2000 mA g(-1)), and long-cycle stability. The synthesis strategy presented in this work is expected to promote the development of carbon anodes for high-performance LIBs. (C) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.