Floating/grounded series/parallel R-L, R-C and L-C immittance simulators employing VDTAs and only two grounded passive elements

In this paper, four floating/grounded series and parallel immittance simulator topologies are proposed, utilizing voltage differencing transconductance amplifiers (VDTAs) as useful active devices. Each of the proposed topologies requires only two grounded passive components. The floating series and parallel simulated immittance circuits proposed here require just two VDTAs, whilst the grounded ones require only one. The proposed topologies can simulate R-L, R-C, and L-C immittances in series and parallel. All of the simulated equivalent elements for the realized immittances are orthogonal adjustable. Furthermore, there are no critical element equality criteria required for the desired immittance function realization. The behavior of the proposed VDTA-based immittance simulators is exemplified in LC ladder filter and sinusoidal oscillator applications. To illustrate the simulator's performance, PSPICE simulation and experimental test results are used.