Sustainable management model and ecosystem services of mangroves based on socio-ecological system on the coast of Batu Bara Regency, Indonesia

The coastal areas of Batu Bara Regency, Indonesia, face significant challenges due to the conversion of mangrove ecosystems into ponds and tourist destinations. This transformation not only results in the loss of natural coastal protection but also disrupts hydro-oceanography patterns, necessitating comprehensive management solutions that address ecological, economic, and social aspects. To this end, a research was carried out during June to August 2023 developing an integrated management model for sustainable preservation of mangrove ecosystems in Batu Bara Regency. The research aims to evaluate the economic benefits of mangrove ecosystems, particularly emphasizing on regulating, provisioning, and cultural services. The Analytic Network Process (ANP) method is employed to determine priority management strategies by considering the interrelationships between ecological, economic, social, and institutional factors. The model construction incorporates insights from literature reviews and expert interviews, facilitating the formulation of solutions for various aspects of mangrove ecosystem management. The economic value of mangrove ecosystems is estimated in three districts of Batu Bara Regency, with significant contributions to both provisioning and regulating services. In conclusion, the research underscores the importance of strategies such as mangrove area rehabilitation, ecotourism development, outreach and assistance, and community involvement in ensuring the sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems. These strategies hold the potential to preserve these valuable ecosystems, benefiting the environment and local communities alike.