Relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms and frailty

Objective: To elucidate the relationship between frailty and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).Methods: We longitudinally evaluated the temporal changes and the relationships between frailty and LUTS in 247 community-dwelling adults (45 years or older) at baseline and at a 5-year follow-up. We used the Fried phenotype (phenotype-based frailty), 5-item modified frailty index (5i-mFI; comorbidity-based frailty), and frailty discriminant score (comprehensive frailty assessment) to evaluate frailty. LUTS were evaluated using the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS).Results: We analyzed 247 participants with a median age of 60 years. The median IPSS and OABSS were significantly increased over the 5 years. The proportion of frail individuals did not increase significantly over the 5 years. Of the three frailty assessment tools, the 5i-mFI score significantly increased between 2014 and 2019. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the 5i-mFI score was significantly associated with the severity of LUTS in 2014 to 5i-mFI in 2019 but not with 5i-mFI in 2014 to the severity of LUTS in 2019.Conclusion: The effect of LUTS on frailty might be greater than the effect of frailty on LUTS. Further large-scale studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between LUTS and frailty.