Polymorphisms in drug metabolism genes as a risk factor for first-line anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury

Background Anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (AT-DILI) is one of the most common side effects in TB patients during treatment. The prime cause of liver injury during TB treatment is reported to be isoniazid and its metabolites. Different factors influenced the development of AT-DILI, and genetic factors are one of the major factors. Methods and results Polymorphisms in drug metabolism genes like NAT2, CYP2E1, PXR, and GST have been reported to be associated with AT-DILI, and they are one of the major areas of focus at present. Attempts are met in this review to analyse the different markers in these drug metabolism genes for their association with AT-DILI.Conclusion A better understanding of the polymorphisms in these genes and their functional effects will give better insights into the development of AT-DILI, and it could facilitate in designing and developing more effective personalized treatment for TB.