Morphology of the proximal tibiofibular joint and ligaments using three-dimensional computed tomography: A cadaveric study

Background: The aim of our study was to clarify the morphology of the proximal tibiofibu-lar joint (PTFJ), insertion sites of the proximal tibiofibular ligaments (PTFLs), and related osseous landmarks on three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) images. Methods: Cadaveric knees were evaluated by dissection and 3D CT imaging. The anterior PTFL (A-PTFL) and posterior PTFL (P-PTFL) were isolated, and their tibial and fibular inser-tion sites were identified. The morphology and location of insertion sites and their posi-tional relationships with osseous structures were analyzed on 3D CT images.Results: The A-PTFL comprised up to four bundles, and the P-PTFL comprised two bundles. The mean length of the A-PTFL and P-PTFL was 11.3 mm and 10.3 mm, respectively. On the tibial side of the PTFJ, bony prominences were present at the A-PTFL and P-PTFL insertion sites and were clearly identified as osseous landmarks in all knees. On the fibular side, the A-PTFL and P-PTFL insertion sites were at the edge of the triangular pyramid of the fibular head. The mean PTFJ area was 198.8 mm2, and the mean inclination angle between PTFJ and tibial plane was 38.4 degrees. There was an inverse correlation between the PTFJ surface area and the inclination angle. Conclusion: The present study clearly identified PTFL insertion sites on the tibia and fibula and showed the relationships between these insertions and osseous landmarks. These data improve our understanding of the anatomy of PTFL insertions, which may assist surgeons in performing anatomical reconstruction.(c) 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V.