A self-sustained EV charging framework with N-step deep reinforcement learning

Decarbonization of the transport sector is a major challenge in the transition towards net-zero emissions. Even though the penetration of electric vehicles (EV) in the passenger vehicle fleet is increasing, the energy mix is not yet dominated by renewables. This leads to the utilization of fossil-based power generation for EV charging, especially during peak hours. In this work, we introduce a residential smart EV charging framework that prioritizes solar photovoltaic (PV) power self-consumption to accelerate the transition to a carbon neutral passenger vehicle fleet. Our approach employs N-Step Deep Reinforcement Learning to charge the EV with clean energy from a PV, without neglecting other major factors that influence end users' behavior, such as electricity cost or EV charging tendencies. Historical smart-meter data from the Pecan Street dataset on total consumption, EV demand and solar generation has been utilized as input features to train the Deep RL method so that it decides on a real-time basis whether to charge or not the EV, without the need for foresight of future observations. Experimental results on six residential houses validate that, compared to uncontrolled EV charging, the proposed method can increase the average self-consumption of solar energy for EV charging by 19.66%, as well as reduce network stress by 7% and electricity bill by 10.3%.& COPY; 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).