Duodenal Hemangioma as a Rare Cause of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Case Report and Literature Review

Duodenal hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors caused by haphazard vascular proliferation within the duodenal wall. Although rare, duodenal hemangiomas could lead to rapidly progressive life-threatening gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding that requires urgent intervention. The diagnosis of duodenal hemangioma often requires direct visualization of the lesion either endoscopically or surgically, as well as histopathological examination. Treatment options include endoscopic resection, laser coagulation, sclerotherapy, or in a specific subset of patients, open or laparoscopic surgical intervention. We herein report a case of a 46-year-old female presenting with signs and symptoms of chronic GI bleeding. The patient underwent upper endoscopy and was found to have an ulcerated mass in the proximal duodenum consistent with the diagnosis of duodenal hemangioma. This case highlights the importance of including duodenal hemangioma in the differential of upper GI bleeding. It also underscores the significance of surgical intervention in treating duodenal hemangioma, as well as the crucial role of employing endoscopy in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of this condition.