Quality-adjusted life years among people who inject drugs in a needle syringe program in Sweden

Purpose Needle syringe programs (NSP) significantly reduce risk behavior and HIV and hepatitis transmission in people who inject drugs (PWID). However, PWID are underrepresented in studies on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), representing a barrier to evaluate effects of public health and preventive measures related to injecting drug use. In this study, we investigate how well the two questionnaires EQ-5D-3L and SF-6D measure health in PWID. We also estimate HRQoL in the PWID population. Method Data on demographics, injection drug use, HIV, hepatitis status, and self-reported HRQoL were collected from 550 PWID enrolled in the Stockholm NSP at enrollment and at 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up. Self-rated HRQoL was measured as QALY, using EQ-5D-3L and the SF-6D. Item response theory (IRT) was used to evaluate which of the two instruments that measure health most accurately in this population. Regression analysis was used to estimate population-specific QALYs. Results The IRT analysis showed that SF-6D was better suited to measure health in PWID. More specifically, SF-6D to a larger extent discriminated between persons regardless of their health status, while EQ-5D was more suitable to detect persons with poorer health. Self-rated HRQoL showed that average QALY was lower among PWID compared to the general Swedish population. However, a general increase in self-reported health was noted over time among participants. Conclusion This study increase knowledge of what instruments are most suitable to measure health among PWID. This is of great importance when evaluating effects of public health and preventive measures in the PWID population.