The influence of paternal and maternal parenting styles on adolescents' regulatory focus: A longitudinal study

To strengthen the evidence for the developmental assumption of regulatory focus theory, that individuals' chronic self-regulatory orientations root in parenting behaviors, the present study investigated the influences of maternal and paternal parenting styles on Chinese adolescents' regulatory focus and the effects of regulatory focus on mental health using an 8-month longitudinal design. 466 Chinese middle and high school students completed the regulatory focus, perceived maternal and paternal parenting style, life satisfaction, and positive and negative social adjustment measures. The results showed that: (1) Adolescents' promotion focus positively predicted life satisfaction and positive social adjustment and negatively predicted negative social adjustment. Prevention focus positively predicted negative social adjustment. (2) Maternal emotional warmth positively predicted promotion focus, whereas paternal harsh discipline positively predicted prevention focus. (3) Promotion focus mediated the relationship between maternal emotional warmth and life satisfaction and positive and negative social adjustment. Prevention focus mediated the relationship between paternal harsh discipline and negative social adjustment.