Changes in the retail food density from 2010 to 2021 in Hermosillo, Mexico, and their association with diet, anthropometry, and reported women's health

Food retail is a component of the food environment that influences food selection and consumption. In recent decades, Mexico has experienced changes in the food environment that coincide with the increase in overweight, obesity, and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among its population. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in the density of food retail from 2010 to 2021 in areas of medium and high marginalization in Hermosillo, Sonora, located in the North Pacific region of Mexico, and their association with diet, anthropometry, and adult women's health. Information on food retail was obtained from the National Statistic Directory of Economic Units (DENUE). A sample of 104 adult women was interviewed, and their anthropometric measurements were taken. The findings revealed significant changes in the density of food retail in areas of medium and high marginalization during the study period. The participant's mean age was 47,6 +/- 15 years. The prevalence of overweight and obesity, diabetes, and high blood pressure was 88%, 20%, and 40%, respectively. The increase in the density of convenience stores was positively associated with women's body mass index, waist circumference, and obesity (13: 3,22; p<0,01; 13: 7,70; p<0,01; OR: 3,12; p<0,01). The results demonstrate that the type of establishment where food is purchased is associated with the population's health status.