A stochastic multi-period energy hubs through backup and storage systems: enhancing cost efficiency, and sustainability

Energy hubs are a complex system designed to enable the efficient transmission, transformation, and retention of diverse energy sources within consumption networks. This research presents an innovative model designed to optimize energy distribution across three hierarchical layers: production, distribution, and ultimate consumption. This model incorporates an interconnected system of varied energy hubs equipped with various technologies and situated within residential structures. Given the potential for equipment failures over time and the varying stochastic demand from customers in different seasons, the proposed model incorporates backup equipment and storage systems to enhance reliability and fulfilling customer requirements. The objectives of the model encompass minimizing operational costs and mitigating pollution arising from energy consumption ensuring overall reliability in the event of potential energy hub equipment failure. To solve this problem, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach is employed. Specifically, the CPLEX solver within the GAMS software is utilized to identify an optimal solution. The results of the model demonstrate that incorporating backup and storage systems reduces costs and enhances overall efficiency of the system. Additionally, a case study is undertaken to evaluate the applicability of the proposed model in Omid Town, a mixed-use space in Tehran. The case study showcased the benefits of energy hubs, including reducing power outages to zero percent and saving an average of 15% energy during non-peak months for income generation, while effectively managing energy supply, facilitating storage, and enabling exchange between residential and other units.