THEORETICAL MODEL FOR THE PREVENTION OF MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES AND ENDOGENOUS RISK FACTORS IN SPORT.

The presence of endogenous risk factors and musculoskeletal injuries in sport is documented in multiple investigations. This phenomenon and its preventive actions are still under study, it is necessary to build inter, multi and transdisciplinary research proposals and comprehensive action that allow understanding and act on this phenomenon. This research aimed to design a preventive theoretical model based on the study of the relationship between musculoskeletal injuries, endogenous risk factors, training planning and preventive actions. It was developed under an integrative holistic paradigm, with a mixed approach of projective and transversal (cross-setional)type. The information was obtained through interview and survey of key informants and was implemented from the discipline of athletics due to the transversality that running has with the vast majority of sports modalities. The presence of endogenous anthropometric, osteoarthromyokinematic and neurophysiological risk factors that facilitate the generation of injuries that were reported in all of the plannings and identification of this periods was evidenced, the identification of this behavior allowed the development of a theoretical model of prevention from the perspectives of the doctor and technicians teams. The preliminary information provided by the key informants was essential for the elaboration of the model; highlighting that inter, trans and multidisciplinary work is essential to guarantee the success in the design and application of any prevention model. The model is transferable to multiple sports, as it is an open, sequential, logical and integrating methodological structure, it provides pedagogical, didactic and instrumental tools that facilitate the planning of preventive actions.