Objective: To understand the current fear of negative evaluation among undergraduate nursing students and analyse the factors influencing it.Methods: A general information questionnaire, the scale of fear of negative evaluation, and the fear of positive evaluation scale were used to survey 546 undergraduate nursing students at Guizhou Medical University, China.Results: Undergraduate nursing students scored a total of (15.90 +/- 7.18) negative evaluation fears, which is at an intermediate level. Gender, left-behind experience, whether in a romantic relationship, personality, and fear of positive evaluation entered the multiple regression equation and explained 29.1 % of the total variance.Conclusions: The fear of negative evaluation among undergraduate nursing students was moderate. Nursing students' gender, left-behind experience, whether in a romantic relationship, personality, and fear of positive evaluation were important factors influencing their level of fear of negative evaluation. Nursing educators and administrators should be aware of nursing students' evaluation fears and select targeted evaluation strategies to promote the development of high-quality nursing talent.