Estimating Reservoir Sedimentation Rates and Storage Capacity Losses Using High-Resolution Sentinel-2 Satellite and Water Level Data

In nearly all reservoirs, storage capacity is steadily lost due to trapping and accumulation of sediment. Despite critical importance to freshwater supplies, reservoir sedimentation rates are poorly understood due to sparse bathymetry survey data and challenges in modeling sedimentation sequestration. Here, we proposed a novel approach to estimate reservoir sedimentation rates and storage capacity losses using high-resolution Sentinel-2 satellites and daily in situ water levels. Validated on eight reservoirs across the central and western United States, the estimated reservoir bathymetry and sedimentation rates have a mean error of 4.08% and 0.05% yr-1, respectively. Estimated storage capacity losses to sediment vary among reservoirs, which overall agrees with the pattern from survey data. We also demonstrated the potential applications of the proposed approach to ungauged reservoirs by combining Sentinel-2 with sub-monthly water levels from recent satellite altimeters.