Electro-osmotic flow in different phosphorus nanochannels

The electrokinetic transport in a neutral system consists of an aqueous NaCl solution confined in a nanochannel with two similar parallel phosphorene walls and is investigated for different black, blue, red, and green phosphorene allotropes in the presence of an external electric field in the directions x (parallel to the walls roughness axis) and y (perpendicular to the walls roughness axis). The results show that irrespective of the electric field direction, the thickness of the Stern layer increases with the increase in the magnitude of the negative electric surface charge density (ESCD) on the nanochannel walls, and it also increases with the increase in the roughness ratio for different allotropes. Moreover, three different regimes of Debye-Huckel (DH), intermediate, and flow reversal appear as the absolute value of the negative ESCD on the walls grows. With the increase in the absolute value of the negative ESCD, in the DH regime, the flow velocity grows, then in the intermediate regime, it decreases, and finally, at sufficiently high ESCD, the flow reversal occurs. When the external electric field is applied in the y direction, the dynamics of the system are slower than that of the x direction; therefore, the flow reversal occurs at the smaller absolute values of the negative ESCD.