Regime Shift of the Sea Level Trend in the South China Sea Modulated by the Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability

During the altimeter era, the sea level in the South China Sea (SCS) and western tropical Pacific (WTP) experienced significant decadal variability. The sea level rose during 1993-2009 and fell during 2010-2019. The decadal variability of Walker Circulation associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation can explain the sea level variability in the WTP to a great extent. The wind forced westward propagating Rossby waves increased (decreased) the sea level in the WTP during 1993-2009 (2010-2019). However, the interior wind forcing has a negligible contribution to the decadal variability of the sea level in the SCS. The remote forcing from WTP through the oceanic bridge was supposed to play a dominant role. The sensitive experiments of a 11/2-layer model and Regional Oceanic Modeling System suggested that the sea level signals via the Sibutu Passage and Mindoro Strait accounted for the decadal variability of sea level in the central basin of SCS.