Characterization and analysis of biochar derived nano materials for application of Cd(II) removal

Biochar-based nanomaterials are an efficient and economical adsorption material, often used to adsorb and remove heavy metals in sewage. In this study, eucalyptus biochar nanomaterials were produced by pyrolysis as a carbon precursor and modified with potassium penetrant (KBC) to improve its adsorption performance for Cd removal. Various characterization techniques have been used to fully characterize and analyze the physical and chemical properties of KBC. The adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics and adsorption isotherms of KBC on Cd(II) ions and the effects of various reaction parameters (pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorption time, temperature and initial concentration) on the adsorption capacity and removal rate were evaluated. The results show that the best adsorption capacity of KBC for Cd(II) is 31.050 mg/g, under the best conditions (pH = 5, dosage = 0.08 g, time = 6 h, temperature 25 degrees C and initial concentration = 50 mg/g center dot L). The adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the isothermal Langmuir adsorption model. This model is based on a single layer adsorbed on a uniform surface and absorbs heat spontaneously under physical and chemical action. The adsorption mechanism of Cd(II) is mainly through complexation, oxidation and cation-p-electron interaction to adsorb oxygen-containing and manganese-containing KBC groups. Potassium permanganate surface-modified eucalyptus biochar proved to be an effective method to deal with heavy metal pollution.