Patient-Reported Outcomes After Reduction Mammoplasty Using Breast-Q: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: The Breast-Q questionnaire reduction module is an established tool for outcomes after reduction mammoplasty. Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis assess key parameters affecting pre- and postoperative scores, with specific foci on patient characteristics and tissue resection weights. Methods: This study was conducted per PRISMA guidelines. PUBMED (National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD), Google Scholar (Google; Mountain View, CA), and Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics; Philadelphia, PA) were searched. All studies published before August 1, 2021, were assessed for eligibility by 2 independent reviewers. Inclusion criteria were prospective or retrospective studies in 6 languages that reported quality of life after reduction mammoplasty employing the Breast-Q questionnaire reduction module. Quality of included studies was assessed employing the Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale. Analysis was performed per Cochrane Collaboration and the Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses guidelines. Results: A total of 28 papers were included in the systematic review, 13 for preoperative meta-analysis, and 17 for postoperative meta-analysis. Postoperative scores in all 3 quality of life domains (psychosocial, physical, and sexual well-being) and satisfaction with breasts increased significantly after reduction mammoplasty compared with preoperative scores. Satisfaction with breasts showed the greatest improvement, from 22.9 to 73.0. Preoperative scores were lower than normative data, with improvement to comparable scores as the healthy population postoperatively. Improvements in Breast-Q scores did not correlate with patient comorbidities, complication rates, or amount of breast tissue resected. Conclusions: Reduction mammoplasty provides marked improvement in Breast-Q patient-reported quality of life as well established in literature. However, these improvements do not correlate with tissue resection weights, warranting further inquiry of insurance-defined resection requirements.