Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Combined with Pharmacotherapy Versus Pharmacotherapy Alone in Adult ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: ADHD diagnosis rates are rising; however, currently, no effective treatment method that has been identified. This study compared the efficacy of CBT + M with M for adult ADHD. Methods: PubMed, Embase, WOS, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to July 29, 2023. Literature screening and data analysis were conducted. Results: The six randomized controlled studies included. Meta-analysis showed that CBT + M was more effective than M in improving ADHD symptoms. Subgroup analysis showed developed countries significant in ADHD symptoms improvement. At the 3-month, CBT + M was superior to M, but at the 6 and 9 months, no statistically significant differences were observed. Conclusion: CBT + M is more effective than M in improving adult ADHD symptoms and maintains an advantage for at least 3 months. It is recommended to intensifying CBT treatment after 3 months. Country and economy may influence results. Combined therapy for ADHD should be prioritized in developed countries.