Evaluating the convective heat transfer of graphene oxide-gold hybrid nanofluid flow in CPU

The thermal performance of a novel hybrid nanofluid containing graphene oxide (GO)-gold/water and GO/water nanofluid in cooling a computer's CPU is carried out experimentally. Single-layer graphene oxide is used as working fluid by combining specific amounts of gold nanoparticle suspension with varying concentrations (0.0044-0.0114 mass%) and Reynolds number (676-2185) to optimize the overall device performance. The obtained results revealed that GO/water nanofluid and GO-gold/water hybrid nanofluid reduced the surface temperature of the CPU by 10.6% and 16.2%, respectively, compared with the DI water. Also, the results show that the convective heat transfer coefficient is improved by 36.36% with GO-gold/water hybrid nanofluid (0.0094 mass%) and Re = 2185. In addition, new correlations have been developed for predicting the Nusselt number of GO-gold/water hybrid nanofluid and GO/water nanofluid, based on the experimental data. Overall, the hybrid nanofluid is highly recommended as a preferred cooling in electronic devices.