[1] Univ Quebec Abitibi Temiscamingue UQAT, Res Inst Mines & Environm RIME, Rouyn Noranda, PQ J9X 5E4, Canada
[2] Polytech Montreal, Dept Civil Geol & Min Engn, Montreal, PQ H3T 1J4, Canada
[3] Res Inst Mines & Environm RIME, Montreal, PQ H3T 1J4, Canada
[4] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada