Predictive value of the Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score in acute stroke patients with stroke-associated pneumonia

Background Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is associated with a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate in stroke patients. However, the accuracy of early prediction of SAP is insufficient, and there is a lack of effective prognostic evaluation methods. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the predictive value of the Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score (OASIS) in SAP to provide a potential reference index for the incidence and prognosis of SAP.Methods We recruited a total of 280 patients with acute ischemic stroke who had been diagnosed and treated in the Zhumadian Central Hospital between January 2021 and January 2023. These patients were divided into an SAP group (86 cases) and a non-SAP group (194 cases) according to SAP diagnostic criteria by expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of SAP. We collated general and clinical data from all patients, including the survival of SAP patients during the follow-up period. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for SAP. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate COX regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between OASIS and the prognosis of SAP, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the predictive value of OASIS for SAP.Results Our analyses identified body temperature, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, OASIS, and a prolonged length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay as the main risk factors for SAP (all Ps < 0.05). Advanced age and an elevated OASIS were identified as the main risk factors for death in SAP patients (all Ps < 0.05). The risk of death in patients with OASIS of 31-42 points was significantly higher than that in patients with OASIS of 12-20 points (HR = 5.588, 95% CI = 1.531-20.401, P = 0.009). ROC curve analysis further showed that OASIS had a high predictive value for morbidity and the incidence of death in SAP patients.Conclusion OASIS can effectively predict the onset and death of SAP patients and provides a potential reference index for early diagnosis and the prediction of prognosis in patients with SAP. Our findings should be considered in clinical practice.